Masculine, feminine and plurals
Arabic · Key Stage 1 · The School
The tā marbūṭa
Most feminine nouns end in ة. Look at مُعَلِّم, which is a male teacher. Now look at مُعَلِّمة, a female teacher. That ending tells you the gender at once. It matters, because the rest of the sentence has to agree with it. When you stop on the word, ة is read as an h.
Agreement
Adjectives copy the gender of their noun. كِتابٌ كَبيرٌ means a big book, and it is masculine. مَدْرَسةٌ كَبيرةٌ means a big school, and it is feminine. Note that the adjective takes ة too. Arabic makes the agreement visible. So once you notice one ending, you can predict the other.
Sound plurals
The masculine plural adds ون or ين. So مُسْلِم becomes مُسْلِمون. The feminine plural adds ات. So مُسْلِمة becomes مُسْلِمات. These are called sound plurals, because the word stays whole. But many common words use a broken plural instead. There the shape changes inside, like كِتاب becoming كُتُب. Those are learned one by one.
كَبير means big. Put it with a masculine noun: كِتاب كَبير, a big book. Now put it with a feminine noun. The adjective takes ة too: مَدْرَسة كَبيرة, a big school. Try two more. طالِب جَديد is a new male student. طالِبة جَديدة is a new female student. The adjective always follows the noun. And it always copies the noun's gender. Get that habit early. Then half of Arabic grammar is already working.